To make a tolerogenic vaccine, you need a delivery system that does not activate immune cells (i.e., put them in "attack mode"), which can deliver multiple DNA payloads, and which is stable enough to reach the correct immune cells in the spleen/lymph nodes. When Karma was founded, no such technology existed - viral vectors intrinsically activate immune cells, and lipid nanoparticles were too fragile. To solve this, we built our own lipid nanoparticle gene therapy platform, SNIPR (sub-nanoparticle intracellular payload release). SNIPR's unique chemistry makes them non-immunogenic and extremely stable (months in the fridge, weeks at body temp), and they can deliver multiple DNA payloads at once to induce tolerance in immune cells in vivo.